CARDOZO JOURNAL OF
EQUAL RIGHTS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

The Department of Education (“ED”) enforces civil rights in education through Title IX. [1] Title IX prohibits sex-based discrimination in federally funded educational programs, and promotes inclusion in higher education. [2]  Significantly, Title IX enforcement depends on the executive branch controlling the ED, as this power rests with both the Department of Justice and the ED’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR). [3] Historically, judicial enforcement of statutes like Title

Some of the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Divisions are now recognizing “catalyst theory” as a part of the New York State Equal Access to Justice Act (“EAJA”). To preserve the intent of the EAJA, it is time for the Court of Appeals to decide in favor of catalyst theory for litigants. Recently, the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department ruled in favor of Peter Markey, a disabled Navy veteran who sued New York State after they denied him rental assis

Section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, first implemented in 1996, authorizes local and state law enforcement agencies to...

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) is a federal agency that monitors financial markets to identify new risks to consumers,...

The earnings of public sector employees trail behind those of their private sector counterparts, and this income disparity is continually...

On January 17, 2025, the Supreme Court in TikTok Inc. v. Garland [1] upheld the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled...

Despite a rocky start, [1]  New York City’s Central Business District Tolling Program, more commonly known as the city’s congestion...

In 2014, California adopted Proposition 47, a law aimed at reducing incarceration rates and promoting rehabilitation in the community....

Non-competes are contracts that prevent an employee from working for or starting a competing business. [1]  Typically, non-competes are...

New York City’s affordable housing crisis has reached an alarming state, with nearly half of renters spending more than thirty percent of...

Recently, Robert F. Kennedy (“RFK”) Jr.’s nomination for secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) was confirmed...

Women’s sports have taken off in recent years, and the thriving market for women’s sports apparel is proof. [1]   More people are...

The United States is facing a fentanyl epidemic. [1]   Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is fifty times stronger than heroin and one...

Over the past five decades, the consensus on best practices for effective reading instruction has gradually evolved into a debate over...

New York City is currently in an affordable housing crisis. [1]   This crisis consists of two parts—availability and affordability. [2]...

In 1968, Congress passed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act (“ADAA”) in response to the drug overdose of Len Bias, a basketball star at the...

Yusef Salaam, Raymond Santana, Kevin Richardson, Antron Brown, and Korey Wise–collectively known as the “Central Park Five” or the...

In response to rising energy costs [1] and escalating climate change anxiety, [2] a growing number of Americans are ditching fossil...

The gig economy consists of individuals, known as gig workers, who perform on-demand labor through digital platforms, such as apps or...

For over five years, United Airlines (“United”) flight attendants, represented by their union, the Association of Flight Attendants...